Technology landscape · Medical technology, European applicants · 2015–2024
The twenty largest groups hold 24.4% of European medical-technology patent families; Philips alone holds 7.6%.
98,136 families from applicants in the 39 EPO contracting states, spread over 44,749 applicant entities. The twenty groups rarely file together, but they meet in the same adjacent technology fields.
- Data
- EPO PATSTAT Global, Spring 2026 (patstat_2026a)
- Unit
- DOCDB family
- Scope
- WIPO field 13 at weight ≥ 0.25 · applicant in one of 39 EPO states · patents of invention
- Queries
- 6 billed, all published
- 7,434
families make Koninklijke Philips the largest group, twice Siemens Healthineers (3,627).
Groups - 10.2%
more families in 2019–2022 than in 2015–2018: 43,121 against 39,114.
Growth - 98.5%
of SHL Medical's portfolio is medical technology; at Robert Bosch it is 1.0%.
Specialisation - 12
of the 35 WIPO fields contain families from all twenty groups.
Cross-sector - 319
families are filed jointly by two of the twenty groups, in six pairs.
Co-filing
01 · Growth
Filings moved in a narrow band and rose 10.2% between the two complete cohorts
2015–2019
Between 9,516 and 10,093 families a year, with changes of a few percent.
2020
The highest year at 11,599 families, 14.9% above 2019. 2021 and 2022 follow at 11,202 and 10,227.
2015–2018 against 2019–2022
43,121 families against 39,114, a rise of 10.2%.
Read with care
2023 (9,257) and 2024 (6,644) are provisional because of the ~18-month publication delay. The fall is publication lag. No period comparison in this report ends inside these two years.
Patent families by earliest filing year of the family
Data table: families by earliest filing year
| Filing year | Patent families | Change vs. previous year |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 9,516 | — |
| 2016 | 9,740 | +2.4% |
| 2017 | 9,947 | +2.1% |
| 2018 | 9,911 | −0.4% |
| 2019 | 10,093 | +1.8% |
| 2020 | 11,599 | +14.9% |
| 2021 | 11,202 | −3.4% |
| 2022 | 10,227 | −8.7% |
| 2023* | 9,257 | −9.5%* |
| 2024* | 6,644 | −28.2%* |
| Total 2015–2024 | 98,136 | — |
Query 2 · 18.1 GBHatched: provisional years
02 · Groups
Koninklijke Philips holds 7,434 families, twice the next group
Below the top three the distribution flattens: the fourth group holds 1,146 families and the twentieth 374. Three of the twenty are European filing entities of groups headquartered outside Europe, and two are French public research organisations. The steepest rises between the two complete cohorts are at Smith & Nephew (+175%) and Karl Storz (+158%). The steepest fall is at Novartis (−89%), which coincides with the 2019 separation of its eye-care business into Alcon; Alcon's own count rises 33%.
Patent families per consolidated applicant group, 2015–2024
Data table: twenty largest applicant groups
| Applicant group | Type | Parent domicile | Applicant country in PATSTAT | Families 2015–2024 | 2015–2018 | 2019–2022 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koninklijke Philips | Company | Netherlands | NL | 7,434 | 3,561 | 2,800 | −21.4% |
| Siemens Healthineers | Company | Germany | DE | 3,627 | 1,524 | 1,451 | −4.8% |
| Johnson & Johnson (MedTech) | Company | United States | CH | 2,217 | 720 | 1,135 | +57.6% |
| B. Braun | Company | Germany | DE | 1,146 | 383 | 501 | +30.8% |
| Biotronik | Company | Germany | DE | 908 | 279 | 412 | +47.7% |
| Carl Zeiss | Company | Germany | DE | 857 | 299 | 391 | +30.8% |
| Alcon | Company | Switzerland | CH | 840 | 281 | 375 | +33.5% |
| Sanofi | Company | France | FR | 783 | 408 | 270 | −33.8% |
| Fresenius | Company | Germany | DE | 781 | 367 | 315 | −14.2% |
| Roche | Company | Switzerland | CH | 671 | 221 | 320 | +44.8% |
| Olympus | Company | Japan | DE | 658 | 311 | 246 | −20.9% |
| Smith & Nephew | Company | United Kingdom | CH | 618 | 126 | 347 | +175.4% |
| CNRS | Research | France | FR | 601 | 239 | 274 | +14.6% |
| Karl Storz | Company | Germany | DE | 560 | 123 | 317 | +157.7% |
| Baxter | Company | United States | CH | 533 | 194 | 251 | +29.4% |
| SHL Medical | Company | Switzerland | CH | 511 | 162 | 185 | +14.2% |
| Inserm | Research | France | FR | 455 | 179 | 192 | +7.3% |
| Robert Bosch | Company | Germany | DE | 407 | 214 | 156 | −27.1% |
| Novartis | Company | Switzerland | CH | 387 | 339 | 37 | −89.1% |
| L’Oréal | Company | France | FR | 374 | 128 | 181 | +41.4% |
| Twenty groups, distinct families | 23,915 | 24.4% of the set |
Query 2 · 18.1 GBGrey: European filing entity of a group headquartered outside Europe. Parent domicile and type in the table
The twenty rows add up to 24,368 while 23,915 distinct families are involved: 453 families held by more than one group are counted under each. The change column compares the complete cohorts 2015–2018 and 2019–2022 and leaves out the provisional years. Parent domicile is a manual attribution from public corporate information, not a PATSTAT field; every other column comes from a query.
03 · Specialisation
Medical technology is 98.5% of SHL Medical's portfolio and 1.0% of Robert Bosch's
Seven groups are device specialists above 90%: SHL Medical, Johnson & Johnson MedTech, Smith & Nephew, Olympus, Karl Storz, Biotronik and B. Braun. Six sit between 55% and 90% with a second leg, such as Siemens Healthineers in computer technology (40.0%). Seven hold under a quarter: Roche and Novartis are pharmaceutical groups with a diagnostics arm, and Robert Bosch's 407 families sit in a portfolio of 41,245.
Medical technology as a share of each group’s own portfolio, 2015–2024 (%)
Data table: medical-technology share per group
| Applicant group | MedTech families | Total portfolio | MedTech share | Largest adjacent field | Second adjacent field |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHL Medical | 511 | 519 | 98.5% | Computer technology 2.9% | Chemical engineering 2.5% |
| Johnson & Johnson (MedTech) | 2,217 | 2,264 | 97.9% | Computer technology 5.4% | Audio-visual technology 3.1% |
| Smith & Nephew | 618 | 632 | 97.8% | Computer technology 5.9% | Measurement 2.5% |
| Olympus | 658 | 692 | 95.1% | Optics 14.9% | Electrical machinery 9.4% |
| Karl Storz | 560 | 592 | 94.6% | Optics 23.0% | Mechanical elements 9.0% |
| Biotronik | 908 | 961 | 94.5% | Electrical machinery 8.0% | Digital communication 3.0% |
| B. Braun | 1,146 | 1,247 | 91.9% | Handling 8.7% | Measurement 6.6% |
| Baxter | 533 | 624 | 85.4% | Chemical engineering 16.0% | Pharmaceuticals 7.7% |
| Fresenius | 781 | 936 | 83.4% | Chemical engineering 10.3% | Computer technology 8.5% |
| Alcon | 840 | 1,103 | 76.2% | Optics 26.4% | Other special machines 13.7% |
| Siemens Healthineers | 3,627 | 5,032 | 72.1% | Computer technology 40.0% | Measurement 37.4% |
| Koninklijke Philips | 7,434 | 12,123 | 61.3% | Computer technology 25.4% | Measurement 13.5% |
| Sanofi | 783 | 1,359 | 57.6% | Pharmaceuticals 35.1% | Biotechnology 25.1% |
| Novartis | 387 | 1,691 | 22.9% | Pharmaceuticals 66.9% | Biotechnology 30.7% |
| Roche | 671 | 3,699 | 18.1% | Pharmaceuticals 41.7% | Biotechnology 38.6% |
| Carl Zeiss | 857 | 5,232 | 16.4% | Optics 64.8% | Measurement 31.3% |
| Inserm | 455 | 3,039 | 15.0% | Pharmaceuticals 62.6% | Biotechnology 47.0% |
| CNRS | 601 | 6,611 | 9.1% | Pharmaceuticals 21.9% | Biotechnology 18.3% |
| L’Oréal | 374 | 5,556 | 6.7% | Organic fine chemistry 71.7% | Other consumer goods 22.5% |
| Robert Bosch | 407 | 41,245 | 1.0% | Transport 25.7% | Electrical machinery 22.0% |
Query 3 · 17.5 GBShare of the group’s families that touch the field
These shares do not add to 100%. A family carries a WIPO field whenever any member holds it with a weight of at least 0.25, and most families carry several. Roche's 41.7% pharmaceuticals, 38.6% biotechnology and 18.1% medical technology overlap heavily. "Total portfolio" counts each family once, across all fields.
04 · Cross-sector
All twenty groups are present in twelve of the 35 technology fields
The combined portfolio of the twenty groups holds 93,333 families and touches every WIPO field; the table marks the twelve that all twenty share. Size and breadth differ: transport is the fifth-largest field at 10,943 families, but only 14 groups appear in it and 10,611 of its families come from Robert Bosch. Measurement holds 15,415 families spread across all twenty.
Patent families per WIPO field, combined portfolio of the twenty groups, top 15
Data table: all 35 WIPO fields
| Technology field | WIPO sector | Families | Groups present (of 20) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical technology | Instruments | 23,915 | 20 |
| Measurement | Instruments | 15,415 | 20 |
| Computer technology | Electrical engineering | 13,355 | 20 |
| Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy | Electrical engineering | 12,385 | 20 |
| Transport | Mechanical engineering | 10,943 | 14 |
| Organic fine chemistry | Chemistry | 6,320 | 15 |
| Pharmaceuticals | Chemistry | 6,123 | 19 |
| Optics | Instruments | 5,885 | 16 |
| Engines, pumps, turbines | Mechanical engineering | 5,418 | 18 |
| Biotechnology | Chemistry | 4,738 | 17 |
| Control | Instruments | 4,532 | 20 |
| Mechanical elements | Mechanical engineering | 4,436 | 18 |
| Audio-visual technology | Electrical engineering | 3,033 | 20 |
| Machine tools | Mechanical engineering | 2,859 | 20 |
| Digital communication | Electrical engineering | 2,762 | 20 |
| Chemical engineering | Chemistry | 2,556 | 20 |
| Other consumer goods | Other fields | 2,239 | 20 |
| Analysis of biological materials | Instruments | 2,235 | 19 |
| Other special machines | Mechanical engineering | 2,100 | 20 |
| Semiconductors | Electrical engineering | 2,064 | 16 |
| Environmental technology | Chemistry | 1,952 | 15 |
| Handling | Mechanical engineering | 1,813 | 20 |
| Micro-structural and nano-technology | Chemistry | 1,494 | 13 |
| Telecommunications | Electrical engineering | 1,359 | 19 |
| Surface technology, coating | Chemistry | 1,289 | 19 |
| Materials, metallurgy | Chemistry | 1,136 | 17 |
| IT methods for management | Electrical engineering | 1,029 | 19 |
| Thermal processes and apparatus | Mechanical engineering | 1,007 | 14 |
| Macromolecular chemistry, polymers | Chemistry | 821 | 17 |
| Basic communication processes | Electrical engineering | 748 | 14 |
| Basic materials chemistry | Chemistry | 743 | 17 |
| Furniture, games | Other fields | 654 | 15 |
| Civil engineering | Other fields | 467 | 11 |
| Textile and paper machines | Mechanical engineering | 307 | 16 |
| Food chemistry | Chemistry | 199 | 10 |
| Combined portfolio, distinct families | 93,333 | 20 |
Query 3 · 17.5 GBNon-exclusive. WIPO sector and groups present per field in the table
Field totals are non-exclusive and add to far more than 93,333, because a family carrying several fields at weight ≥ 0.25 appears under each. Compare fields with one another; do not partition the portfolio. "Groups present" counts a group once per field, however many families it holds there.
05 · Geography
Germany accounts for 26.6% of the families, more than twice the next country
26,106 of the 98,136 families have a German applicant. Switzerland (11,615), the Netherlands (10,438), France (9,783) and the United Kingdom (9,594) form a second band. Between the complete cohorts the large countries move only slightly, Germany from 28.4% to 25.5% and Switzerland from 11.0% to 12.2%. Two smaller ones grow from a low base: Turkey from 1,004 to 2,114 families and Ireland from 802 to 1,495.
Patent families by applicant country, top 15
Data table: applicant countries
| Country | Families 2015–2024 | Share of set | 2015–2018 | 2019–2022 | Share 2015–2018 | Share 2019–2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 26,106 | 26.6% | 11,091 | 11,004 | 28.4% | 25.5% |
| Switzerland | 11,615 | 11.8% | 4,286 | 5,270 | 11.0% | 12.2% |
| Netherlands | 10,438 | 10.6% | 4,729 | 4,167 | 12.1% | 9.7% |
| France | 9,783 | 10.0% | 3,904 | 4,365 | 10.0% | 10.1% |
| United Kingdom | 9,594 | 9.8% | 3,892 | 4,175 | 10.0% | 9.7% |
| Italy | 5,920 | 6.0% | 2,295 | 2,931 | 5.9% | 6.8% |
| Turkey | 4,177 | 4.3% | 1,004 | 2,114 | 2.6% | 4.9% |
| Ireland | 2,943 | 3.0% | 802 | 1,495 | 2.1% | 3.5% |
| Sweden | 2,859 | 2.9% | 1,218 | 1,202 | 3.1% | 2.8% |
| Spain | 2,670 | 2.7% | 1,053 | 1,203 | 2.7% | 2.8% |
| Poland | 2,463 | 2.5% | 916 | 1,148 | 2.3% | 2.7% |
| Denmark | 2,267 | 2.3% | 920 | 976 | 2.4% | 2.3% |
| Belgium | 1,676 | 1.7% | 711 | 691 | 1.8% | 1.6% |
| Austria | 1,437 | 1.5% | 638 | 546 | 1.6% | 1.3% |
| Finland | 1,384 | 1.4% | 597 | 547 | 1.5% | 1.3% |
| Other 24 states, combined | 5,250 | 5.3% | — | — | — | — |
| All 39 states, distinct families | 98,136 | 102.5% | 39,114 | 43,121 | — | — |
Query 2 · 18.1 GBApplicant domicile as PATSTAT records it; cohort columns from Query 5
Turkey's and Ireland's trajectories are the least settled: 25.4% of Turkey's families and 22.0% of Ireland's fall in the provisional years 2023–2024, against 16.2% for the set and 11.7–17.7% for every other country in the table. The cohort columns leave out these 15,901 families, so the comparison carries least weight for those two.
The complete 2015–2022 cohort reaches the EPO (60.4%), the United States (59.6%) and the PCT route (59.3%) at almost the same rate, and China at 34.8%, ahead of Japan at 25.9%.
Share of the 2015–2022 cohort reaching each office (%)
Data table: filing offices reached
| Office | Families reaching it | Share of the 82,235-family cohort |
|---|---|---|
| EP — European Patent Office | 49,656 | 60.4% |
| US — United States | 49,026 | 59.6% |
| WO — PCT international | 48,764 | 59.3% |
| CN — China | 28,609 | 34.8% |
| JP — Japan | 21,323 | 25.9% |
| DE — Germany | 15,199 | 18.5% |
| CA — Canada | 9,306 | 11.3% |
| ES — Spain | 8,279 | 10.1% |
| AU — Australia | 8,237 | 10.0% |
| KR — Korea | 7,235 | 8.8% |
| GB — United Kingdom | 6,705 | 8.2% |
| BR — Brazil | 5,369 | 6.5% |
Query 5 · 17.7 GBComplete cohort only: office coverage shows once members have published
Both breakdowns are non-exclusive. A family with applicants in two countries appears under both, so the country column sums to 100,582 against 98,136 distinct families, an excess of 2,446. One family usually reaches several offices, so the office shares add to well over 100%.
06 · Field
A61B is carried by 46.3% of the families, and software subclasses reach the top ten
A61B (diagnosis, surgery, identification) appears in 45,460 families. Two non-A61 subclasses mark where medical technology meets software: G16H healthcare informatics (12.2%) and G06T image data processing (5.7%).
Families carrying each IPC subclass
Data table: most frequent IPC subclasses
| IPC subclass | Title | Families | Share of 98,136 |
|---|---|---|---|
A61B | Diagnosis; surgery; identification | 45,460 | 46.3% |
A61M | Devices for introducing media into, or onto, the body | 18,934 | 19.3% |
A61F | Filters implantable into blood vessels; prostheses | 15,855 | 16.2% |
G16H | Healthcare informatics | 12,000 | 12.2% |
A61L | Methods or apparatus for sterilising materials or objects | 11,164 | 11.4% |
A61N | Electrotherapy; magnetotherapy; radiation therapy | 7,640 | 7.8% |
G06T | Image data processing or generation, in general | 5,584 | 5.7% |
A61C | Dentistry; oral or dental hygiene | 5,135 | 5.2% |
G06F | Electric digital data processing | 4,726 | 4.8% |
G01N | Investigating or analysing materials | 4,562 | 4.6% |
A61K | Preparations for medical, dental or toiletry purposes | 4,053 | 4.1% |
A61G | Transport or conveyances for patients | 3,965 | 4.0% |
A61H | Physical therapy apparatus | 3,760 | 3.8% |
A61J | Containers for medical or pharmaceutical purposes | 3,045 | 3.1% |
Query 4 · 25.1 GBGrey: subclasses outside the A61 device groups. Non-exclusive. IPC edition 20260101
WIPO field 13 is a classification mapping. It is not a market definition. Three of the twenty-five largest groups are not medical-device manufacturers. Of Philip Morris's 333 families, 317 carry A61M and 311 A24F (smokers' requisites); of British American Tobacco's 324, 301 carry A61M and 316 A24F: heated-tobacco and vapour devices sit alongside inhalers. Of L'Oréal's 374 families, 146 carry A61B, 144 A45D (hairdressing and cosmetic equipment) and 106 A61N. Roughly a thousand families belong to tobacco and cosmetics. Accept that boundary explicitly or narrow the scope to specific A61 subclasses.
07 · Co-filing
Six pairs of the twenty groups file together, on 319 families in all
Against 23,915 families held by the groups, direct co-filing is rare, and only two pairs carry volume. CNRS and Inserm share 208 families: two French public research organisations that co-own the output of joint units. Alcon and Novartis share 97; Alcon was a Novartis division until the 2019 separation, so these are largely filings made while the two were one group. Between device manufacturers the largest link in the set is three families.
Families with both groups on the same application
Data table: joint filings
| Group pair | Relationship | Joint families |
|---|---|---|
| CNRS + Inserm | Two French public research organisations | 208 |
| Alcon + Novartis | Same group until the 2019 separation | 97 |
| CNRS + Siemens Healthineers | Public research and industry | 5 |
| Inserm + Siemens Healthineers | Public research and industry | 5 |
| B. Braun + Koninklijke Philips | Two device manufacturers | 3 |
| Inserm + Roche | Public research and industry | 1 |
| All pairs | — | 319 |
Query 3 · 17.5 GBGrey: former single group. Restricted to field 13; joined on appln_id
Co-applicancy is measured on the application. Two groups count as filing together only when both appear on the same appln_id; a join on docdb_family_id would also link groups that hold different members of one family. The twenty group counts exceed their distinct total by 453 shared memberships, but only 319 of those arise on a shared application. Filings between legal entities of the same consolidated group are excluded by construction.
08 · Use case
A transfer office finds licensees for a university patent through the adjacent fields
The twenty groups almost never file together, yet twelve technology fields contain all twenty. Shared technical ground exists; shared patents are rare. A technology-transfer office can read the data as a shortlist in four steps.
- Start from the fieldTake the WIPO field the patent falls into and list the European groups active in it. The same query shape works for any of the 35 fields by changing one field number.
- Consolidate before rankingA raw name ranking splits groups across legal entities. Philips is reached only by joining two case variants and one damaged spelling; Siemens Healthineers files through three entities in two countries.
- Enter through adjacent fieldsA patent in optics reaches Carl Zeiss, Karl Storz and Alcon; one in computer technology reaches Siemens Healthineers and Philips at a quarter or more of their portfolio.
- Read direction as well as sizeGroups whose count rose between 2015–2018 and 2019–2022 are building in the field. The provisional years 2023–2024 are not usable for this.
What this data cannot tell you: patent counts measure filing activity. They do not measure licensing appetite, freedom to operate or commercial fit. A group with a large portfolio may be defending a position and not looking to acquire. The field boundary is a classification mapping, so a shortlist drawn straight from the ranking will include applicants whose business is tobacco or cosmetics. An applicant absent from this set may still be active in the technology; it may be domiciled outside the 39 EPO contracting states.
09 · How we counted
How the numbers were counted
This edition was rebuilt from scratch and is the first to ship a queries.sql. The file that accompanied the earlier edition was empty, so the earlier search strategy was never documented. It was reconstructed from the earlier report's own text and tables (WIPO fields at weight 0.25, doc_std_name, applt_seq_nr > 0, a fixed country list), probing unstated parameters against the published figures. That reconstruction is an inference and was used only as a starting point. Every number in this report comes from a query written for this edition, which counts families instead of applications, corporate groups instead of single names, and all 39 EPO contracting states.
- Field 13, whole familyA DOCDB family is in scope when any member carries WIPO field 13 (medical technology) with a weight of at least 0.25, via
tls230_appln_techn_fieldand the maintained WIPO concordance. - Europe means applicant domicileAt least one applicant on any member has a country code among the 39 EPO contracting states. This is where PATSTAT records the applicant, not where the research took place.
- Dated by the earliest filingA family takes the year of its earliest filing across all members, computed before the 2015–2024 window is applied. The ten years add to 98,136, and so do the cohorts 39,114 + 43,121 + 15,901.
- Groups from namesGroups are built on
person_name, matched case-insensitively and assembled to corporate-group level.han_namedefines none of the twenty groups.
Checks and limits
- Designs and utility models excluded
ipr_type = 'PI'. Registered designs are common in medical technology, so this is a material exclusion. - Overseas groupsA European-invented patent filed by a non-European parent is out of scope; a European filing entity of an overseas group is in, which is why Johnson & Johnson, Olympus and Baxter appear.
- Field boundaryThe scope is the WIPO concordance. It is not the medical-device market. Roughly a thousand families belong to tobacco and cosmetics groups, entering through A61M, A24F and A45D.
- Provisional years2023 and 2024 are incomplete in the Spring 2026 edition. No period comparison ends inside them.
- Consolidation at the top onlyTwenty groups were mapped explicitly; the remaining 44,729 applicant keys are harmonised names that may still split or merge entities. Read the 44,749 entities as an order of magnitude.
- Case and spellingMixed-case and upper-case records of one entity are separate
person_namevalues. One damaged spelling, "KONINKLEJKE FILIPS N.V." (128 families), was verified and kept. Siemens AG is not merged into Siemens Healthineers. - Country is not domicileThe applicant country is the one PATSTAT records most often for a group: CH for Johnson & Johnson (Cilag GmbH International), DE for Olympus (Olympus Winter & Ibe). Parent domicile is the only column not taken from a query.
- No code set to completeThe scope comes from the WIPO concordance, so subtree expansion, predecessor union and retention of retired symbols have no referent here and were not applied.
- Non-exclusive breakdownsFields, IPC subclasses and countries overlap; the 39 country counts sum to 100,582. No pie or doughnut chart is used.
- No external comparisonNo public source counts on the same definition. The check rests on internal consistency: the annual series and the cohorts sum to the total, and the group counts reconcile with a stated excess of 453.
- No grant ratesGrant rates are not reported, so the pendency caveat does not arise.
- EditionsComputed on 15 August 2026; labels from IPC edition 20260101 and CPC edition 202608. 98,136 families hold 370,837 applications, about 3.8 per family.
Canonical scope: groups, countries, annual series
Query 2 · 18.1 GBqueries.sql · 6 billed queries, 114.0 GB · Query R documents the reconstruction
Release protocol
- Agentsearch + draftBuilt the scope and the group mapping and queried PATSTAT read-only. Every number comes from SQL.
- Checks13 rulesEvery claim must trace back to a query; chart and table must agree.
- Reviewsubject expertChecks scope, counts and wording before publication.
- Approvalsecond personA second person not involved in the report approves publication.
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